Tuberculosis is a chronic or acute bacterial infection that primarily attacks the lungs, but which may also affect the kidneys, bones , lymph nodes and brain . The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a rod shaped bacterium. The affected parts develop lesions in the form of small rounded nodules called tubercles from which the disease gets its name. TB is transmitted from person to person , usually by inhaling bacteria-carrying air droplets . When a person sick with TB coughs , sneezes , or speaks , small particles that carry two to three bacteria surrounded by a layer of moisture are released in the air . When another person's inhales these particles, the bacteria may lodge in that person's lungs and multiply. A less common route of transmission is through the skin.
Symptoms of TB include coughing , chest pain , shortness of breath , loss of appetite , weight loss, fever , chills and fatigue. A chest X-ray may show shadows in the lung or fluid collection between the lung and its lining . Children and people with weakened immune systems are most susceptible to TB.
Generally 5 to 10 % of people infected by TB actually become sick. This disease can develop in to two stages . In primary TB , person generally does not aware of it , and no symptoms is noticeable. But this can lead to the most disastrous stage , called secondary stage.
To prevent it :- proper ventilation system should be developed.
Vaccines such as Bacillus Calmette Guerien vaccine , prepared from bacteria that have been weakened , are another preventive measure
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